TY - JOUR
T1 - Determination of Heavy Metal Levels and Assessment of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. Presence in Fishery Products and Mussels from the Marmara Region, Türkiye
AU - Akkaya, Esra
AU - Muratoglu, Karlo
AU - Tarhan, Duygu
AU - Ozsobaci, Nural Pastaci
AU - Ercan, Alev Meltem
AU - Colak, Hilal
AU - Hampikyan, Hamparsun
AU - Bingol, Enver Baris
AU - Or, Mehmet Erman
AU - Andoni, Egon
AU - Ozuni, Enkeleda
AU - Gobbi, Marco
AU - Petrucci, Linda
AU - Di Cesare, Federica
AU - Cagnardi, Petra
AU - Curone, Giulio
AU - Balzaretti, Claudia Maria
AU - Giaccone, Valerio
AU - Castrica, Marta
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 by the authors.
PY - 2025/3
Y1 - 2025/3
N2 - This study evaluated heavy metal levels (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cu) and the presence of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in mussels and commonly consumed fishery products from the Marmara region of Türkiye. Health risks were evaluated using total hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) values, while microbial risks in fresh and ready-to-eat (RTE) products were estimated via the Risk Ranger tool. Among 625 samples, Hg (36.96%; CI95 = 33.27–48.81), Pb (9.76%; CI95 = 7.67–12.34), and Cd (19.36%; CI95 = 16.45–22.64) exceeded permissible limits, except in crabs, which remained compliant. Anchovy, sardines, bluefish, shrimps, and octopus met EU Cd limits. Shrimps exhibited higher Asin levels than crabs (p < 0.05), while squids had significantly higher Asin than octopus but lower Pb (p < 0.05). Microbiological analysis detected Salmonella spp. in 4.00% of samples (CI95 = 2.50–6.30) and L. monocytogenes in 4.24% (CI95 = 2.70–6.59). Surmullet, bluefish, red mullet, crabs, mussels, and octopus tested negative for both, while anchovy was negative for Salmonella spp. only. THQ and HI assessments emphasized the need for environmental monitoring to mitigate heavy metal contamination. The detection of pathogens highlights the importance of stringent surveillance measures to ensure the safety of fishery products and bivalves.
AB - This study evaluated heavy metal levels (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cu) and the presence of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in mussels and commonly consumed fishery products from the Marmara region of Türkiye. Health risks were evaluated using total hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) values, while microbial risks in fresh and ready-to-eat (RTE) products were estimated via the Risk Ranger tool. Among 625 samples, Hg (36.96%; CI95 = 33.27–48.81), Pb (9.76%; CI95 = 7.67–12.34), and Cd (19.36%; CI95 = 16.45–22.64) exceeded permissible limits, except in crabs, which remained compliant. Anchovy, sardines, bluefish, shrimps, and octopus met EU Cd limits. Shrimps exhibited higher Asin levels than crabs (p < 0.05), while squids had significantly higher Asin than octopus but lower Pb (p < 0.05). Microbiological analysis detected Salmonella spp. in 4.00% of samples (CI95 = 2.50–6.30) and L. monocytogenes in 4.24% (CI95 = 2.70–6.59). Surmullet, bluefish, red mullet, crabs, mussels, and octopus tested negative for both, while anchovy was negative for Salmonella spp. only. THQ and HI assessments emphasized the need for environmental monitoring to mitigate heavy metal contamination. The detection of pathogens highlights the importance of stringent surveillance measures to ensure the safety of fishery products and bivalves.
KW - HI
KW - ICP-OES
KW - THQ
KW - heavy metal
KW - pathogenic microorganism
KW - risk ranger
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105002049933&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/toxics13030153
DO - 10.3390/toxics13030153
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105002049933
SN - 2305-6304
VL - 13
JO - Toxics
JF - Toxics
IS - 3
M1 - 153
ER -
