TY - JOUR
T1 - Low-concentration liquid sensing by an acoustic Mach-Zehnder interferometer in a two-dimensional phononic crystal
AU - Salman, Aysevil
AU - Kaya, Olgun Adem
AU - Cicek, Ahmet
AU - Ulug, Bulent
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 IOP Publishing Ltd.
PY - 2015/7/1
Y1 - 2015/7/1
N2 - Mach-Zehnder interferometer formed by liquid-filled linear defect waveguides in a twodimensional phononic crystal is numerically realized for sensing low concentrations of an analyte. The waveguides in the square phononic crystal of void cylinders in steel, as well as their T branches and sharp bends are utilized to construct interferometer arms. Sensing low concentrations of ethanol on the order of 0.1% in a binary mixture with water is achieved by replacing the contents of a number of waveguide core cells on one arm of the interferometer with the analyte. Computations are carried out through the finite-element method in an approach that takes the solid-liquid interaction at the waveguide core cells into account. Band analyses reveal linear variation of the central frequency of the transmission band within a band gap for ethanol concentrations up to 3.0%. Phase difference due to the imbalance of the sample and reference arms of the interferometer also varies linearly with ethanol concentration, leading in turn to a cosine variation of the Fourier component of the temporal interferometer response at the central input-pulse frequency. The induced phase difference in the investigated configuration becomes a -0.78π and -0.65π per percent increase of ethanol concentration as calculated from the band-structure and transient data, respectively. This is confirmed by transient finite-element simulations where totally destructive interference occurs for a concentration of approximately 1.5%. The proposed scheme, which can easily be adopted to other binary mixtures, offers a compact implementation requiring small amounts of analyte.
AB - Mach-Zehnder interferometer formed by liquid-filled linear defect waveguides in a twodimensional phononic crystal is numerically realized for sensing low concentrations of an analyte. The waveguides in the square phononic crystal of void cylinders in steel, as well as their T branches and sharp bends are utilized to construct interferometer arms. Sensing low concentrations of ethanol on the order of 0.1% in a binary mixture with water is achieved by replacing the contents of a number of waveguide core cells on one arm of the interferometer with the analyte. Computations are carried out through the finite-element method in an approach that takes the solid-liquid interaction at the waveguide core cells into account. Band analyses reveal linear variation of the central frequency of the transmission band within a band gap for ethanol concentrations up to 3.0%. Phase difference due to the imbalance of the sample and reference arms of the interferometer also varies linearly with ethanol concentration, leading in turn to a cosine variation of the Fourier component of the temporal interferometer response at the central input-pulse frequency. The induced phase difference in the investigated configuration becomes a -0.78π and -0.65π per percent increase of ethanol concentration as calculated from the band-structure and transient data, respectively. This is confirmed by transient finite-element simulations where totally destructive interference occurs for a concentration of approximately 1.5%. The proposed scheme, which can easily be adopted to other binary mixtures, offers a compact implementation requiring small amounts of analyte.
KW - Mach-Zehnder interferometer
KW - finite element method
KW - liquid concentration sensing
KW - phase shift
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84930503491&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1088/0022-3727/48/25/255301
DO - 10.1088/0022-3727/48/25/255301
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84930503491
SN - 0022-3727
VL - 48
JO - Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
JF - Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
IS - 25
M1 - 255301
ER -